This research guide is intended for advanced researchers, although scholars at many levels may be able to make use of particular sections.

In addition to a complete listing of the works of Kate Chopin, the guide offers citations to critical works, bibliographies, biographies, dissertations, theses, and web sites covering Chopin's life and works. Due to Chopin's popularity in literary studies, I have limited the coverage of critical works, dissertations, and theses to those published from 1990-1998.

Primary Works

Novels

At Fault. St. Louis: Nixon-Jones Publishing, 1890.

The Awakening. Chicago, New York: Herbert S. Stone & Co., 1899.

Short Stories

Chopin's short stories were originally published in various magazines and serials, the originals of which may be difficult to track down. One good collective source widely available in libraries is:

The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. Ed. Per Seyersted. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1969.

This two-volume collection includes short stories and sketches, essays, and poems, as well as the text of the two longer works, The Awakening and At Fault.

The short stories included in the Seyerstad collection are listed below, with the date written. Seyerstad provides full publication information in the Appendix of the collection.

Note: links are to various online versions of the texts. They are not archived locally and may be moved without warning. If the link is not functioning,  you may want to try searching the name of the story in a search engine;  www.google.com is one of the best.

"Emancipation: A Life Fable" undated manuscript, circa 1869-1870

"Wiser than a God" June 1889

"A Point at Issue!" August 1889

"Miss Witherwell's Mistake" November 1889

"With the Violin" December 11, 1889

"Mrs. Mobry's Reason" January 10, 1891

"A No-Account Creole" 1888, rewritten 1891

"For Marse Chouchoute" March 14, 1891

"The Going Away of Liza" April 4, 1891

"The Maid of Saint Phillippe" April 19, 1891

"A Wizard from Gettysburg" May 25, 1891

"A Shameful Affair" June 1891

"A Rude Awakening" July 13, 1891

"A Harbinger" September 11, 1891

"Dr. Chevalier's Lie" September 12, 1891

"A Very Fine Fiddle" September 13, 1891

"Boulôt and Boulotte" September 20, 1891

"Love on the Bon-Dieu" October 3, 1891

"An Embarrassing Position. Comedy in One Act" October 15-22, 1891

"Beyond the Bayou" November 7, 1891

"After the Winter" December 31, 1891

"The Bênitous' Slave" January 7, 1892

"A Turkey Hunt" January 8, 1892

"Old Aunt Peggy" January 8, 1892

"The Lilies" January 27-28, 1892

"Ripe Figs" February 26, 1892

"Croque-Mitaine" February 27, 1892

"A Little Free-Mulatto" February 28, 1892

"Miss McEnders" March 7, 1892

"Loka" April 9-10, 1892

"At the 'Cadian Ball" July 15-17, 1892

"A Visit to Avoyelles" August 1, 1892

"Ma'ame Pélagie" August 27-28, 1892

"Désirée's Baby" November 24, 1892

"Caline" December 2, 1892

"The Return of Alcibiade" December 5-6, 1892

"In and Out of Old Natchitoches" February 1-3, 1893

"Mamouche" February 24-25, 1893

"Madame Célestine's Divorce" May 24-25, 1893

"An Idle Fellow" June 9, 1893

"A Matter of Prejudice" June 17-18, 1893

"Azélie" July 22-23, 1893

"A Lady of Bayou St. John" August 24-25, 1893

"La Belle Zoraïde" September 21, 1893

"At Chênière Caminada" October 21-23, 1893

"A Gentleman of Bayou Têche" November 5-7, 1893

"In Sabine" November 20-22, 1893

"A Respectable Woman" January 20, 1894

"Tante Cat'rinette" February 23, 1894

"A Dresden Lady in Dixie" March 6, 1894

"The Story of an Hour" April 19, 1894

"Lilacs" May 14-16, 1894

"The Night Came Slowly" July 24, 1894

"Juanita" July 26, 1894

"Cavanelle" July 31-August 6, 1894

"Regret" September 17, 1894

"The Kiss" September 19, 1894

"Ozème's Holiday" September 23-24, 1894

"A Sentimental Soul" November 18-22, 1894

"Her Letters" November 29, 1894

"Odalie Misses Mass" January 28, 1895

"Polydore" February 17, 1895

"Dead Men's Shoes" February 21-22, 1895

"Athénaïse" April 10-28, 1895

"Two Summers and Two Souls" July 14, 1895

"The Unexpected" July 18, 1895

"Two Portraits" August 4, 1895

"Fedora" November 19, 1895

"Vagabonds" December 1895

"Madame Martel's Christmas Eve" January 16-18, 1896

"The Recovery" February 1896

"A Night in Acadie" March 1896

"A Pair of Silk Stockings" April 1896

"Nég Créol" April 1896

"Aunt Lympy's Interference" June 1896

"The Blind Man" July 1896

"A Vocation and a Voice" November 1896

"A Mental Suggestion" December 1896

"Suzette" February 1897

"The Locket" March 1897

"A Morning Walk" April 1897

"An Egyptian Cigarette" April 1897

"A Family Affair" December 1897

"Elizabeth Stock's One Story" March 1898

"The Storm" July 19, 1898

"The Godmother" January-February 1899

"A Little Country Girl" February 11, 1899

"A Reflection" November 1899

"Ti Démon" November 1899

"A December Day in Dixie" January 1900

"The Gentleman from New Orleans" February 6, 1900

"Charlie" April 1900

"The White Eagle" May 9, 1900

"The Wood-Choppers" October 17, 1900

"Polly" January 14, 1902

"The Impossible Miss Meadows" undated, circa 1903

Translations

Maupassant, Guy de. "A Divorce Case." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 179-183.

Maupassant, Guy de. "Father Amable." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 211-224.

Maupassant, Guy de. "For Sale." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 207-210.

Maupassant, Guy de. "It?" In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 189-193.

Maupassant, Guy de. "Mad?" In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 185-187.

Maupassant, Guy de. "Night." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 199-202.

Maupassant, Guy de. "Solitude." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 195-197.

Maupassant, Guy de. "Suicide." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 203-205.

Vely, Adrien. "Monsieur Pierre." In Thomas Bonner Jr., The Kate Chopin Companion. New York: Greenwood, 1988. 175-178.

Biographies

Benfey, Christopher E. G. Degas in New Orleans: Encounters in the Creole World of Kate Chopin and George Washington Cable. New York: Knopf, 1997.

Toth, Emily. Kate Chopin. New York: Morrow, 1990.

Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Jackson: UP Mississippi, 1999.

Bibliographies

Green, Suzanne Disheroon. Kate Chopin: An Annotated Bibliography of Critical Works. Westport: Greenwood, 1999.

Critical Works

Anastasopoulou, Maria. "Rites of Passage in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Southern Literary Journal 23 (Spring 1991): 19-30.

Baker, Christopher. "Chopin's `The Storm'." Explicator 52 (Summer 1994): 225-6.

Ballenger, Grady et al (eds.). Perspectives on Kate Chopin: Proceedings from the Kate Chopin International Conference, April 6, 7, 8, 1989. Natchitoches: Northwestern State U, 1992.

Bardot, Jean. "French Creole Portraits: The Chopin Family from Natchitoches Parish." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 26-35.

Barker, Deborah E. "The Awakening of Female Artistry." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 61-79.

Bauer, Margaret D. "Armand Aubigny, Still Passing After All These Years: The Narrative Voice and Historical Context of `Desiree's Baby'." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 161-183.

Beer, Janet. Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Studies in Short Fiction. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Bender, Bert. "Kate Chopin's Quarrel with Darwin Before The Awakening." Journal of American Studies 26 (Aug 1992): 185-204. [Reprinted in Alice Hall Petry (ed.), Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 99-116.]

Bender, Bert. "The Teeth of Desire: The Awakening and The Descent of Man." American Literature 63 (Sept 1991): 459-73. [Reprinted in Alice Hall Petry (ed.), Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 117-128.]

Berkove, Lawrence I. "`Acting Like Fools': The Ill-Fated Romances of "At the `Cadian Ball" and "The Storm"." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 184-196.

Birnbaum, Michele A. "'Alien Hands': Kate Chopin and the Colonization of Race." American Literature 66.2 (June 1994): 301-23. [Reprinted in Michael Moon and Cathy N. Davidson (eds.), Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. 319-41.]

Black, Martha Fodaski. "The Quintessence of Chopinism." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 95-113.

Blythe, Anne M. "Kate Chopin's `Charlie'." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 207-215.

Boren, Lynda S. and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds. Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992.

Boren, Lynda S. "Taming the Sirens: Self-Possession and the Strategies of Art in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 180-196.

Boynton, Victoria. "Kate Chopin (1850-1904)." In Denise D. Knight and Emmanuel S. Nelson (eds.), Nineteenth-Century American Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport: Greenwood, 1997. 50-60.

Branscomb, Jack. "Chopin's `Ripe Figs'." Explicator 52 (Spring 1994): 165-7.

Brightwell, Gerri. "Chartering the Nebula: Gender, Language and Power in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Women and Language 18 (Fall 1995): 37-41.

Brown, Pearl L. "Awakened Men in Kate Chopin's Creole Stories." ATQ 13.1 (Mar 1999): 69-82.

Camfield, Gregg. "Kate Chopin-hauer: Or, Can Metaphysics Be Feminized?" Southern Literary Journal 27.2 (Spring 1995): 3-22.

Davis, Doris. "The Awakening: The Economics of Tension." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 143-153.

Davis, Sara deSaussure. "Chopin's Movement Toward Universal Myth." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 199-206.

Dingledine, Donald. "Women Can Walk on Water: Island, Myth, and Community in Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow." Women's Studies 22.2 (1993): 197-216.

Dyer, Joyce. The Awakening: A Novel of Beginnings. New York: Twayne, 1993.

Elfenbein, Anna Shannon. Women on the Color Line: Evolving Stereotypes and the Writings of George Washington Cable, Grace King, Kate Chopin. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1994.

Ellis, Nancy S. "Insistent Refrains and Self-Discovery: Accompanied Awakenings in Three Stories by Kate Chopin." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 216-29.

Ellis, Nancy S. "Sonata No. 1 in Prose, the 'Von Stoltz': Musical Structure in an Early Work by Kate Chopin." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 145-56.

Emmitt, Helen V. "`Drowned in a Willing Sea': Freedom and Drowning in Eliot, Chopin, and Drabble." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 12 (Fall 1993): 315-32.

Ewell, Barbara C. "Kate Chopin and the Dream of Female Selfhood." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara de Saussure, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 157-65.

Ewell, Barbara C. "Making Places: Kate Chopin and the Art of Fiction." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 157-71.

Ficke, Thomas H. and Eva Gold (eds.) "Kate Chopin, Race, and Ethnicity." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 14.2 (Fall 1997): 95-125.

Ficke, Thomas H. and Eva Gold (eds.). "Special Section: Kate Chopin." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 8-171.

Foata, Anne. "Aphrodite Redux: Edna Pontellier's Dilemma in The Awakening by Kate Chopin." The Southern Quarterly 33.1 (Fall 1994): 27-31.

Fourtina, Herve. "`Il etait une fois un moi': The Awakening de Kate Chopin." Q/W/E/R/T/Y: Arts, Litteratures & Civilisations du Monde Anglophone 3 (Oct 1993): 139-42.

Foy, Roslyn Reso. "Chopin's `Desiree's Baby'." Explicator 49 (Summer 1991): 222-3.

Franklin, Rosemary F. "Poe and The Awakening." The Mississippi Quarterly 47 (Winter 1993-94): 47-57.

Fusco, Richard. Maupassant & the American Short Story: The Influence of Form at the Turn of the Century. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1994.

Harmon, Charles. "`Abysses of Solitude': Acting Naturally in Vogue and The Awakening." College Literature 25.3 (Fall 1998): 52-66.

Hermes, Liesel. "Frauenbilder in der amerikanischen Literatur: Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton, Carson McCullers." Fremdsprachenunterricht: die Zeitschrift fur das Lehren und Lernen Fremder Sprachen 6 (Nov-Dec 1996): 445-50.

Hoder-Salmon, Marilyn. Kate Chopin's The Awakening: Screenplay as Interpretation. Gainesville: UP Florida, 1992.

Hollister, Michael. "Chopin's The Awakening." Explicator 52 (Winter 1994): 90-2.

Jacobs, Dorothy H. "The Awakening: A Recognition of Confinement." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 80-94.

Joslin, Katherine. "Finding the Self at Home: Chopin's The Awakening and Cather's The Professor's House." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 166-179.

Kearns, Katherine. "The Nullification of Edna Pontellier." American Literature 63 (Mar 1991): 62-88.

Koloski, Bernard. Kate Chopin: A Study of the Short Fiction. New York: Twayne, 1996.

LeBlanc, Elizabeth. "The Metaphorical Lesbian: Edna Pontellier in The Awakening." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15 (Fall 1996): 289-307.

Leder, Priscilla. "Land's End: The Awakening and 19^th-Century Literary Tradition." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 237-250.

Llewellyn, Dara. "Reader Activation of Boundaries in Kate Chopin's `Beyond the Bayou'." Studies in Short Fiction 33.2 (Spring 1996): 255-62.

Mahon, Robert Lee. "Beyond the Love Triangle: Trios in The Awakening." The Midwest Quarterly 39 (Winter 1998): 228-34.

Malzahn, Manfred. "The Strange Demise of Edna Pontellier." Southern Literary Journal 23 (Spring 1991): 31-9.

McCoy, Thorunn Ruga. "Chopin's The Awakening." Explicator 56 (Fall 1997): 26-7.

Michaels, Walter Benn. "Local Colors." MLN 113.4 (Sept 1998): 734-56.

Padgett, Jacqueline Olson. "Kate Chopin and the Literature of the Annunciation, with a Reading of 'Lilacs'." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 97-107.

Papke, Mary E. Verging on the Abyss: The Social Fiction of Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton. New York: Greenwood, 1990.

Peel, Ellen. "Semiotic Subversion in `Desiree's Baby'." American Literature 62 (1990): 223-37.

Petry, Alice Hall (ed.). Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996.

Platizky, Roger. "Chopin's The Awakening." Explicator 53 (Winter 1995): 99-102.

Pontuale, Francesco. "The Awakening: Struggles Toward l'ecriture feminine." The Mississippi Quarterly 50 (Winter 1996-97): 37-49.

Pope, Deborah. "Recent Developments in Kate Chopin Studies." University of Mississippi Studies in English 8 (1990): 254-258.

Rowe, Anne. "New Orleans as Metaphor: Kate Chopin." In Richard S. Kennedy (ed.), Literary New Orleans: Essays and Meditations. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 29-37.

Rowe, John Carlos. "The Economics of the Body in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 117-142.

Ryan, Steven T. "Depression and Chopin's The Awakening." The Mississippi Quarterly 51.2 (Spring 1998): 253-73.

Schweitzer, Ivy. "Maternal Discourse and the Romance of Self-Possession in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Boundary-2. 17 (Spring 1990): 158-86.

Seidel, Kathryn Lee. "Art Is an Unnatural Act: Mademoiselle Reisz in The Awakening." The Mississippi Quarterly 46 (Spring 1993): 199-214.

Seidel, Kathryn Lee. "Picture perfect: Painting in The Awakening." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 227-236.

Sempreora, Margot. "Kate Chopin as Translator: A Paradoxical Liberation." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 83-96.

Showalter, Elaine. Sister's Choice: Tradition and Change in American Women's Writing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford UP, 1991.

Showalter, Elaine. "Tradition and the Female Talent: The Awakening as a Solitary Book." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 169-189.

Shurbutt, Sylvia Bailey. "The Cane River Characters and Revisonist Mythmaking in the Work of Kate Chopin." Southern Literary Journal 25.2 (Spring 1993): 14-23.

Simons, Karen. "Kate Chopin on the Nature of Things." Mississippi Quarterly 51.2 (Spring 1998): 243-52.

Stange, Margit. "Personal Property: Exchange Value and the Female Self in The Awakening." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 201-17.

Steiling, David. "Multi-Cultural Aesthetic in Kate Chopin's `A Gentleman of Bayou Teche'." The Mississippi Quarterly 47 (Spring 1994): 197-200.

Taylor, Helen. "Walking through New Orleans: Kate Chopin and the Female Flaneur." Symbiosis 1.1 (1997): 69-85.

Taylor, Walter and Jo Ann B. Fineman. "Kate Chopin: Pre-Freudian Freudian." Southern Literary Journal 29.1 (Fall 1996): 35-45.

Thomas, Heather Kirk. "'Development of the Literary West': An Undiscovered Kate Chopin Essay." American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 22.2 (Winter 1990): 69-75.

Thomas, Heather Kirk. "`The House of Sylvie' in Kate Chopin's `Athénaïse'." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 207-217.

Thomas, Heather Kirk. "Kate Chopin: A Primary Bibliography, Alphabetically Arranged." American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 28.2 (Winter 1996): 71-88.

Thomas, Heather Kirk. "Kate Chopin's Scribbling Women and the American Literary Marketplace." Studies in American Fiction 23 (Spring 1995): 19-34.

Toth, Emily. "Introduction: A New Generation Reads Kate Chopin." Louisiana Literature: A Review of Literature & Humanities. 11.1 (Spring 1994): 8-17.

Toth, Emily. "Kate Chopin on Divine Love and Suicide: Two Rediscovered Articles." American Literature 63.1 (Mar 1991): 115-21.

Toth, Emily. "Kate Chopin Thinks Back Through Her Mothers: Three Stories by Kate Chopin." In Lynda S. Boren and Sara deSaussure Davis, eds., Kate Chopin Reconsidered: Beyond the Bayou. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1992. 15-25.

Toth, Emily. "The Shadow of the First Biographer: The Case of Kate Chopin." Southern Review 26.2 (Spring 1990): 285-292.

Treichler, Paula A. "The Construction of Ambiguity in The Awakening: A Linguistic Analysis." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 308-28.

Tuttleton, James W. "A Solitary Soul: The Career of Kate Chopin." The New Criterion 9.9 (Apr 1991): 12-17.

Vanlandingham, Phyllis. "Kate Chopin and Editors: 'A Singular Class of Men'." In Grady Ballenger, et al (eds.), Perspectives on Kate Chopin: Proceedings from the Kate Chopin International Conference, April 6, 7, 8, 1989. Natchitoches: Northwestern State U, 1992. 159-68.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. "Kate Chopin's Facination with Young Men." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 197-206.

Walker, Nancy A. "A Critical History of The Awakening." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 141-57.

Walker, Nancy A. "Her Own Story: The Woman of Letters in Kate Chopin's Short Fiction." In Alice Hall Petry, ed., Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 218-226.

Winn, Harbour. "Echoes of Literary Sisterhood: Louisa May Alcott and Kate Chopin." Studies in American Fiction 20.2 (Autumn 1992): 205-08.

Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. "Thantos and Eros: Kate Chopin's The Awakening." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 233-58.

Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. ''Un-utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in The Awakening." Studies in American Fiction 24 (Spring 1996): 3-22.

Yaeger, Patricia S. "`A Language Which Nobody Understood': Emancipatory Strategies in The Awakening." In Nancy A. Walker, ed., Kate Chopin: The Awakening: Complete Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books, 1993. 270-96.

Dissertations

The following citations were found using the electronic version of Dissertation Abstracts, with a few additional dissertations found in OCLC/World Cat. Note that dissertations mentioning Chopin only briefly have not been included.

Adamowicz, Catherine. "Indicated Silences in American Novels." Diss. U Rhode Island, 1997.

Arima, Hiroko. "The Theme of Isolation in Selected Short Fiction of Kate Chopin, Katherine Anne Porter, and Eudora Welty." Diss. U North Texas, 1998.

Barnett, Martha Floyd. "The Grotesque Southern Woman of Twentieth Century Fiction : The Women of Kate Chopin, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and Walker Percy." Diss. U South Florida, 1998.

Bendel-Simso, Mary Michele. "The Politics of Reproduction: Demystifying Female Gender in Southern Literature." Diss. State U of New York, 1992.

Berg, Alison Brooke. "Mothering the Race: Women's Narratives of Reproduction, 1899-1928." Diss. Indiana U, 1993.

Birnbaum, Michele Amy. "Dark Intimacies: The Racial Politics of Womanhood in the 1890s." Diss. U Washington, 1992.

Bonifer, M. Susan Elizabeth. "Like a Motherless Child: The Orphan Figure in the Novels of Nineteeth Century American Women Writers, 1850-1899." Diss. Indiana U of Pennsylvania, 1995.

Boyd, Veleda Deschner. "The Rhetoric of Gender Politics in At Fault and Selected Short Stories of Kate Chopin." Diss. Texas Women's U, 1995.

Bryant, Jacqueline K. "`Clothed in My Right Mind': The Foremother Figure in Early Black Women's Literature." Diss. Kent State U., 1998.

Bucher, Christina Gloria. "Transgressive Triangles: Desire, Gender, and the Text in Five American Novels, 1852-1905." Diss. U Tennessee, 1994.

Camp, Carolyn Turner. "A Pattern of Female Literary Evolution-- from Gothic to Realism, from Hope to Despair: A Study of Six Female Texts, 1791 to 1899." Diss. Indiana U of Pennsylvania, 1997.

Castiglia, Christopher Dean. "Captive Subjects: The Captivity Narrative and American Women's Writing." Diss. Columbia U, 1991.

Chelte, Judith Segzdowicz. "Philomena's Tapestry: Empowering Voice through Text, Texture and Silence." Diss. U Massachusetts, 1994.

Cutter, Martha J. "Revisionary Voices: Language and Feminine Subjectivity in the Works of Freeman, Chopin and Gilman." Diss. Brown U, 1991.

Dahlberg, Mary Margaret. "`Now She Understood': Free Indirect Discourse and its Effects." Diss. U North Dakota, 1996.

Dickson, Rebecca Joanne. "Ladies Out of Touch: Kate Chopin's Voiceless and Disembodied Women." Diss. U Colorado, 1993.

Di Pierro, Marianne Elizabeth. "The Utopian Vision in the Works of Wollstonecraft, Gilman, and Chopin." Diss. U Southern Florida, 1993.

Dressler, Mylene Caroline. "Unmasking the Female Spectator: Sighting Feminist Strategies in Chopin, Glasgow and Larsen." Diss. Rice U, 1993.

Eden, Edward Farrell. "The Work of Women's Desire in Turn-of-the-Century American Fiction." Diss. U Virginia, 1992.

Fusco, Richard A. "Maupassant and the Turn-of-the-Century American Short Story." Diss. Duke U, 1990.

Garfield, Deborah Michelle. "Power: Women, Privation and Language in American Narrative, 1861-1936." Diss. U Virginia, 1991

Garvey, Ellen. "Commercial Fiction: Advertising and Fiction in American Magazines, 1880s to 1910s." Diss. U Pennsylvania, 1992.

Gentry, Deborah Suiter. "The Art of Dying: Suicide in the Works of Kate Chopin and Sylvia Plath." Diss. Middle Tennessee State U, 1992.

Green, Suzanne Disheroon. "Knowing is Seaing: Conceptual Metaphor in the Fiction of Kate Chopin." Diss. U North Texas, 1997.

Jasin, Soledad Herrero-Ducloux. "Sex and Suicide in Madame Bovary, Anna Karenina, The Awakening and The House of Mirth. Diss. U Texas, 1996.

Johnson, Rose Marie. "Cultural Constructs: Building a Visual Rhetoric For Understanding Literature." Diss. U Texas, 1998.

Jones, Susan Agee. "Rethinking American Women's Literary History: The Domestic Novel and the Rise of the Short Story." Diss. Northwestern U, 1992.

Kelley, Annetta. "Kate Chopin's Usage of French and Usage of Subtext in Her Stories and Novels: Two Studies." Diss. U Toledo, 1991.

Kornansky, Linda Ann. "Women Writers of American Literary Naturalism, 1892-1932." Diss. Tulane U, 1994.

Kramb, Marie Annette. "Maternal Responsibility in Turn-of-the-Century Novels by American Women: Power, Resistance, Revision." Diss. U Notre Dame, 1996.

Kramer, Kathleen McKay. "Questionable Characters: Turn-of-the-Twentieth-Century American Fictions, Feminism, and the Fallen Woman." Diss. U Wisconsin, 1995.

Ma, Yuanxi. "The Myth of Awakening: American and Chinese Women Writers." Diss. State U New York, 1992.

Mathews, Carolyn Louise. "Fabricating Identities: Dress in American Realist Novels, 1880-1925." Diss. U North Carolina, 1996.

McCullough, Mary Katherine. "Figuring Gender: British and American Women's Narratives of the 1890s." Diss. U California, 1992.

McGowan, Todd Robert. "The Empty Subject: The New Canon and the Politics of Existence." Diss. Ohio State U, 1996.

Monda, Kimberly Ann. "Resisting Self-Sacrifice: Subjectivity and Sexuality in Six American Women's Novels from Chopin to Hurston." Diss. U California, 1994.

Novak, Terry D. "Writing from the Spirit, Writing from the Soul: Five Nineteenth- Century American Women Writers as Purveyors of Spirituality and Feminism." Diss. U Nevada, 1995.

Padlasli, Heidi Marrina. "Freedom and Existentialist Choice in the Fiction of Kate Chopin." Diss. Ball State U, 1991.

Palumbo-DeSimone, Christine M. "Sharing Secrets: Encoded Meanings in Nineteeth-Century Women's Relationship Stories." Diss. Temple U, 1995.

Rich, Charlotte Jennifer. "Transgression and Convention: The New Woman and the Fiction of Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Diss. U Georgia, 1998.

Rippon, Maria Rose. "Whose Crime and Whose Punishment? Adultery in the Nineteeth-Century Novel." Diss. U North Carolina, 1997.

Ruotolo, Cristina Lucia. "Resounding Fictions: Music, Literature and Audience in Early Twentieth-Century America." Diss. Yale U, 1997.

Russell, Kate Esary. "Hidden Darkness: Landscape as Psychological Symbol in Kate Chopin's Fiction." Diss. Emory U, 1995.

Schuchter, Lisa. "Contradictory Images of the Housewife as Depicted in Victorian American Women's Fiction and Some Sister Arts." Diss. Columbia U Teachers College, 1993.

Sempreora, Margot Sahrbeck. "Translating Women: The Short Fiction of Kate Chopin nad Alice Dunbar-Nelson and the Films of Julie Dash." Diss. Tufts U, 1997.

Sigmar, Lucia Anne Stretcher. "The Gothic Tradition in Southern Local Color Fiction." Diss. U Tennessee, 1995.

Sinclair, Gail Ann D. "Rising to the Surface: Suicide as Narrative Strategy in Twentieth-Century Women's Fiction." Diss. U South Florida, 1997.

Snitzer, Maria Fernandez. "Telling the Lives of Kate Chopin, Edith Wharton, and Willa Cather: The Effects of Social Change and Ideology upon Literary Biography." Diss. Saint Louis U, 1992.

Sparks, Laurel Vivian. "Counterparts: The Fiction of Mary Wilkins Freeman, Sarah Orne Jewett and Kate Chopin." Diss. U Iowa, 1990.

Stayton, Susan Dean. "From Rowson to Chopin: Radical Compromise." Diss. U Texas, 1991.

Steele, Phyllis Eileen. "Hungry Hearts, Idle Wives, and New Women: The American Novel Re-Examines Nineteeth Century Domestic Ideology, 1890-1917." Diss. U Iowa, 1993.

Waldron, Karen E. "Coming to Consciousness, Coming to Voice: The Reinvention of Eve in American Women's Writings." Diss. Brandeis U, 1994.

Weinbaum, Alys Eve. "Genealogies of 'Race' and Reproduction in Trans-Atlantic Modern Thought." Diss. Columbia U, 1998.

Master's Theses

These citations were found in Dissertation Abstracts and OCLC/World Cat. The sheer number of them was surprising, and in my opinion, was reason to include them here, for the benefit of the serious or thorough scholar. I have not examined any of these personally.

Aiello, Caroline. "The Image of Southern Womanhood and Its Manifestations in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. Montclair State U, 1994.

Aldrich, M. Kathryn. "Kate Chopin's Short Fiction: Women Striving for Individuation." Thesis. South Dakota State U, 1991.

Bell, Joycelyn. "Exploring the Sacrificial Trinity in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U New Orleans, 1997.

Blaze, Margaret K. "Life Doesn't Have to End at Thirty: Some Advice from Kate Chopin, Margaret Drabble, Margaret Atwood, Jane Campion and Janet Frame." Thesis. U Wyoming, 1995.

Bobby, Susan Redington. "`She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swum before': Echoes of Transcendentalism in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. Millersville U, 1993.

Bolle, Peggy. "The Silent Voice of Women." Thesis. California State U, 1995.

Bracken, Laura D. L. "Kate Chopin: The Use of Dialogics to Redefine the Feminine Identity." Thesis. U Texas, 1991.

Campbell, Erin E. "Writing Against Tradition: Gentility, Manners, and The Awakening." Thesis. U North Carolina, 1993.

Carosella, Lynn. "Women Escaping Societal Boundaries in the Short Stories of Kate Chopin." Thesis. Montclair State College, 1992.

Davis, Cathy E. "The Politics of Self-Discovery in Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." Thesis. Southwest Texas State U, 1996.

Deininger, Josephine Grillo. "A Study of the Effect of a Creole Society on Kate Chopin's View of Women." Thesis. Drew U, 1990.

DeLaney, John. "Chopin, Cather and Wharton: Turning American Literature into Cinema." Thesis. Eastern Washington U, 1995.

DeRoy, Loraine Pearson Edge. "Kate Chopin: Tracing Religious Elements and Values through Her Writing." Thesis. Clemson U, 1994.

Derrickson, Teresa Lynn. "Women and Wifehood: The Story of Self in Three Nineteenth-Century Novels." Thesis. U Alaska, 1996.

Dupont, Mary Anderson. "The Tragic Heroine 'Lives to Swim Another Day': Jane Campion's The Piano and Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U Saint Thomas (MN), 1994.

Ferderer, Linda M. "The Multi-Voiced Narrator of Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U North Dakota, 1992.

Frunz, Bonnie N. "Female Marginalization in the Late Nineteenth-Century Short Fiction of Frances E.W. Harper and Kate Chopin." Thesis. Western Washington U, 1997.

Goetz, Diane Falkner. "Developing Characterizations of Women in the American Novel: 1850-1898." Thesis. San Diego State U, 1992.

Holm, Ronda Marie. "Edna Pontellier's Impossible Dream: Fantasy and Reality in The Awakening." Thesis. College of William & Mary, 1996.

Huffman, Janet Katherine. "Stephen Crane's Maggie, a Girl of the Streets and Kate Chopin's The Awakening: A Study of Literary Naturalism." Thesis. Longwood College, 1992.

Hume, Lucile Bayon. "Woolf at Chopin's Door : The Shared Vision of Virginia Woolf and Kate Chopin." Thesis. Mississippi College, 1997.

Jenkins, Pamela J. "The Wandering Soul: The Search for Identity in Chopin's The Awakening, Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Walker's The Color Purple." Thesis. East Carolina U, 1995.

Jones, Gerry Gooch. "Emancipation: Variations on a Theme in Selected Short Stories of Kate Chopin." Thesis. Mississippi College, 1992

Kemper, Alison. "Women Artists and Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. Western Carolina University, 1998.

Kunf, Marcia Ann. "Kate Chopin's Female Characters: A Study in Conflict and Growth." Thesis. Florida Atlantic U, 1991.

Landis, Ann M. "Differing Perceptions of Male and Female Authors: A Comparison of Edna Pontellier and Isabel Archer as New Women." Thesis. James Madison U, 1991.

Mackey, Melodie Anne. "The Female Hero." Thesis. California State U, 1998.

Mapp, Joy. "Self-Expression in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U South Florida, 1993.

Mauldin, Courtney Lee. "Readers take your mark!: The Application of Reader-Response Criticism to Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. East Carolina U, 1994.

Meigen, Johannes A. W. "Self and Other or Self Versus Other?: The Perception of Identity and Social Relatedness in The Awakening, A Hazard of New Fortunes and Sister Carrie." Thesis. U Massachusetts, 1990.

McCullough, Anna Karenina Damm. "How Few of Us Ever Emerge from Such Beginning!: The Ironic Vision of Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U North Carolina, 1993.

McKay, Sylvie. "`Athenaise' de Kate Chopin, suivi de prismes de la traduction litteraire." Thesis. McGill U, 1990.

Methvin, Nancy W. "Kate Chopin's Fiction: A Twentieth-Century Critical Reappraisal." Thesis. Emporia State U, 1990.

Moreton, Karen S. "Women's Culture and the Theme of Isolation in Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs, Chopin's The Awakening, and Wharton's Ethan Frome." Thesis. Northern Illinois U, 1997.

Mukherjee, Sanjukta. "Women as Victims of Society in Anna Karenina and The Awakening." Thesis. Longwood College, 1992.

Noack-Raisch, Mary Jane. "Edna Pontellier and Lily Bart: A Study of Character and Early Criticism in Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth." Thesis. Northeast Missouri State U, 1993.

Pepiton, Sharon Lowry. "Kate Chopin's Life and Works: Shattered Dreams and Lost Illusions." Thesis. Midwestern State U, 1990.

Pickle, Jan Hammack. "The Courageous Soul That Dares and Defies: The Women's Ways of Knowing in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. Mississippi College, 1998.

Poremski, Karen M. "The Text that Dares and Defies in the Fiction of Kate Chopin." Thesis. San Francisco State U, 1993.

Powell, Sally Ann Smyer. "The Anima/Animus Complex in Selected Short Stories of Kate Chopin." Thesis. Texas A&I U, 1991.

Power, Lori Gage. "Edna Pontellier's Awakening: A Regression into Childhood." Thesis. East Carolina U, 1993.

Richardson, Kelly Lynn. "Clipping the Furies' Wings: Women's Ways of Knowing in Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth, Kate Chopin's The Awakening, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper." Thesis. Winthrop U, 1995.

Roe, Christie Kirkman. "Alcott, Phelps and Chopin: Response in Their Life and Work to the Evolving Religious Climate. Thesis. Arizona State U, 1997.

Rothermel, Beth Ann. "Breaking Surface: Meaning Diffused in Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Marylynne Robinson's Housekeeping." Thesis. U Texas, 1991.

Santoro, Denise Marie. "A Journey through Time: The Frontier Myth in American Women's Writing." Thesis. San Diego State U, 1995.

Severson, Eric Gary. "Kate Chopin's Subversive Vision: Sex-Typing and Psychological Androgyny in The Awakening." Thesis. Arizona State U, 1992.

Sims, Allison Maria. "Music in Kate Chopin's Fiction." Thesis. U Alabama, 1991.

Thompson, Lesley D. "Kate Chopin: The Discovery of Artistic Genius Through Critical Awareness." Thesis. U Maine, 1990.

Thornton, Ellen S. "Reading Women in 1899: Serials in The Ladies' Home Journal and The Awakening." Thesis. Midwestern State University, 1997.

Ullrich, Gwendolyn Hope. "Kate Chopin's The Awakening: A Re-Presentation of Societal Control." Thesis. Southwest Texas State U, 1990.

Walker, Laura. "Feminist Themes in The Awakening and Sister Carrie." Thesis. Montclair State U, 1995.

White, Brenda Kaye. "A Position in the Universe: Sex, Religion, and Philosophy in the Works of Kate Chopin." Thesis. Eastern Kentucky U, 1998.

White, Deborah Carol. "The Determination of Free Will in Kate Chopin's The Awakening." Thesis. U South Florida, 1993.

Willoughby, Leann Miller. "`A strong mind in a sane body': The Role of Physical Activity in the Lives and Writings of Sophia Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, and Kate Chopin." Thesis. Texas A&M U, 1992.

Web Sites

As one might expect, the World Wide Web includes many pages devoted to Kate Chopin. I used just a few of the available search engines, namely Yahoo, AltaVista, Hotbot and Northern Light, to locate a number of pages on Chopin. Evaluation is necessary with Internet resources, of course, and many of the pages located are not suitable for research. Some web authors do little to no citation of sources, while other web sites are brief reports of class projects from elementary schools on up through college.

For those who want to see the whole range of sites available, I would recommend visiting Northern Light (www.northernlight.com).

I have divided the web sites I will mention into two categories: Biography & Criticism and Electronic Texts. The web sites mentioned in the former category are places to obtain scholarly information about Chopin and her works, while the latter category provides access to the many electronic archives and repositories which provide the full text of various works by Chopin.

The sites are active as of August 1999, but please remember that web sites may disappear, change address or change sponsors from one day to the next.

Biography & Criticism

• Boesen, Leota. "Kate Chopin: Web Sites." Tomball College Library Research Guide URL: http://wwwtc.nhmccd.cc.tx.us/bluebonnet/education/lrc/chopweb.htm. (August 13, 1999) Provides access to several web sites devoted to Chopin. Boesen encourages users to evaluate sites for content.
• American Literature on the Web (Nagasaki College of Foreign Languages). "Kate Chopin." URL: http://www.nagasaki-gaigo.ac.jp/ishikawa/amlit/index.htm (August 13, 1999). Provides links to a number of sites, including student papers posted on the Web. (Also listed in Electronic Texts category.)
• Haywood, Jennifer. "Kate Chopin." URL: http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfwc/wiu/chopin.html (August 13, 1999). Provides a brief student-written biographical essay about Chopin.
• "Kate Chopin : Teacher Resource File." URL: http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/chopin.htm (August 13, 1999) Provides access to other sources, including resources found in ERIC.
• Literary Traveler. "Footprints in Cloutierville." URL: http://www.literarytraveler.com/summer/south/clout.htm (August 13, 1999) Includes a brief biographical sketch and also gives information about Chopin's home, which is preserved and open to visitors.
• Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 6: Late Nineteenth Century - Kate Chopin." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. URL:http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap6/chopin.html (August 13, 1999). Includes a bibliography, study questions, and links to other sites.

Electronic Texts

• "Kate Chopin." INFORM (University of Maryland). URL:http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/ReadingRoom/Fiction/Chopin/ (August 13, 1999) Provides electronic texts of The Awakening and eight short stories.
• "Kate Chopin." American Literature on the Web. URL: http://www.nagasaki-gaigo.ac.jp/ishikawa/amlit/index.htm (August 13, 1999). Provides access to several versions of The Awakening, several stories and a collection of letters.

Sources Consulted

The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. Ed. Per Seyersted. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.

Dissertation Abstracts database (UMI/ProQuest)

Humanities Abstracts database (Wilson Web)

MLA database

OCLC/World Cat